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Born September 18th

Samuel Johnson, b. 1709, said to be the second most quoted author in the English language, after Shakespeare.

Some interesting facts about Samuel Johnson:
He was the son of a bookseller. (What fun!)
Johnson’s Dictionary of the the English Language, published in 1755 (making this year the 250th anniversary of the publication of Johnson’s Dictionary), was not the first English dictionary, but it was the authoritative English dictionary for over a hundred years until the publication of the Oxford English Dictionary.
Johnson never graduated from Oxford University, although he did attend there, and he became “Dr. Johnson” because he was given an honorary degree.
Samuel Johnson was half-blind, deaf in one ear, and suffered from scrofula, nervous tics, and depression. Some thought him so odd in his mannerisms that they considered him an idiot until he spoke and revealed himself to be an intelligent man.
Johnson married a widow, Elizabeth Porter, who was twenty years older than he, and by all accounts they were very happily married until her death seventeen years later.

Johnson on wine:
“One of the disadvantages of wine is that it makes a man mistake words for thoughts.”
“There are some sluggish men who are improved by drinking; as there are fruits that are not good until they are rotten.”
“There is nothing which has yet been contrived by man, by which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern.”
“Wine makes a man more pleased with himself; I do not say it makes him more pleasing to others.”
“Sir, I have no objection to a man’s drinking wine, if he can do it in moderation. I found myself apt to go to excess in it, and therefore, after having been for some time without it on account of illness, I thought it better not to return to it. Every man is to judge for himself, according to the effects which he experiences. One of the fathers tells us, he found fasting made him so peevish that he did not practice it.”

Johnson on blogging:
“No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money.”
“Read over your compositions, and when you meet a passage which you think is particularly fine, strike it out.”
“A man who uses a great many words to express his meaning is like a bad marksman who, instead of aiming a single stone at an object, takes up a handful and throws at it in hopes he may hit.”
“What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure.”
“The greatest part of a writer’s time is spent in reading in order to write. A man will turn over half a library to make a book.”
“I never desire to converse with a man who has written more than he has read.”

Good advice, but who can heed it? If a writer could bear to strike out his favorite passages, no one would need an editor.

Johnson on moral relativism:
“But if he does really think that there is no distinction between virtue and vice, why, Sir, when he leaves our houses, let us count our spoons.”
Yes, definitely, count the spoons. We watched a video in our Worldview class on Friday in which a young lady said, “I always follow my heart; it never leads me astray.” Scary . . . time to count the spoons.

Born September 10th

Hilda Doolittle, b. 1886, American imagist poet who lived most of her life in Europe. She was associated with Ezra Pound, DH Lawrence, and Amy Lowell, and she underwent therapy with Sigmund Freud in Switzerland. She’s familiarly known as “H.D.” I found these two children’s stories that H.D. wrote when she was very young, in her 20’s, and trying to make a living as a writer. Both deal with the theme of boredom or ennui and imagination, reminding me of The Phantom Tollbooth or Alice in Wonderland.

Winter Woods by H.D.
Old Tommy by H.D.

Franz Werfel, b. 1890, was a Czech-born poet, novelist, and playwright who wrote the novel The Song of Bernadette upon which this 1943 movie is based. I’ve actually never seen the movie although I’ve heard of it. Is it any good? The funny thing is that Werfel was Jewish, never converted to Christianity, but wrote novels and plays with Catholic, Christian and pacifist themes.

Robert McClung, b. 1916, wrote dozens of natural science books, books about animals and insects, for children. Good books.

Born August 28th

I wrote about these picture book authors last year, all of whom deserve your attention and that of your children:

Roger Antoine Duvoisin
Phyllis Krasilovsky
Allen Say
Tasha Tudor

Tasha Tudor deserves much more of a post, but I’m not prepared to write it today. However, I found out that a much more famous author has a birthday today, too. Leo Tolstoy was born on this date in 1828. Question: which of you has read both Anna Karenina and War and Peace? Which did you like better? If you haven’t read them, why not?

From War and Peace

“Princess Marya, Natasha, and Pierre all experienced that feeling of constraint that usually follows a serious, heartfelt talk. To resume the same conversation is impossible, to talk of trifles soesn’t seem right, and yet the desire to speak is there and silence seems an affectation.”

“Pierre’s madness consisted in not waiting, as he had formerly done, to discover personal attributes which he called ‘good qualities’ in people before loving them; his heart overflowed with love, and by loving without cause he never failed to discover undeniable reasons for loving.”

Final question: does anyone else have trouble with Russian names when you read a Russian novel? The characters all have so many names. In War and Peace, there are the following characters, to name only a few:

Pyotr Kirilovitch Bezukov (also called Pierre or Petrushka or Count Bezukov)
Princess Elena Vasilyevna Kuragina (also called Helene or Ellen)
Princess Marya Nikoleyevna Bolkonskaya
Natalya Rostova (also called Natasha)
Count Pyotr Ilyich Rostov (also Petya)

Too many names, used interchangeably. But it’s a great story, nevertheless.

Born August 17th

davycrockett
He was born August 17, 1786, the fifth of nine children, in a small cabin near the Nolichucky River in Tennessee.

When he was twelve, he spent four days in school, had a fight with another boy, and left home to escape a licking from his dad.

In addition to the four days, he had only six months of formal schooling.

He was married twice, had two sons, fought the Creek Indians, served in the Tennesse legislature, and then became a US Congressman.

His rifle was named “Betsy,” and his motto was: “Be always sure you are right, and then go ahead.”

If you’ve figured out who it is with a birthday today, you also know, of course, when and where he died. Hint: I’ve seen the place, and my children know the stories of the men who died there.

Born August 13th

The first book printed in the English language: The Recuyell of the Histories of Troy, printed in Flanders c. 1475.
The first book printed in England:The Dictes or Sayings of the Philosophers, 1477.

William Caxton, b. 1422 at Kent, England was first a merchant, and when he was about 50 years old he started his second career as a printer. He learned printing in Cologne, Germany, and then returned to England and set up a printing press near Westminster Abbey. His printing career spanned the last years of the reign of Edward IV (of York) and that of Richard III, Edward’s brother and the first few years of the reign of Henry VII (Tudor). Turbulent times.

From The Last Plantagenets by Thomas B. Costain:

William Caxton was not content to print books; he always concerned himself with the translations and with the preparation of the copy. . . . One of the most commendable of his early efforts was an edition of Chaucer’s Canterbury Taleswhich was much larger than any of the others. Undoubtedly it did much to acquaint the people of England with the work of their great poet. He also put out an edition of Sir Thomas Malory’s King Arthur and a translation of Cicero’s De senectute. That he translated the last himself is an evidence of his scholarship.

Caxton died in 1491, and his heir moved the printing business to Fleet Street, which by tradition is still the central location of the British publishing industry.

I love English history, and if you want to read more about England from the time of the first Plantagenet kings until the end of the Plantagenet dynasty (Battle of Bosworth) and the end of the Middle Ages, you can’t do better than this series of books by Thomas B. Costain: The Conquering Family, The Magnificent Century, The Three Edwards, and The Last Plantagenets. Fantastic stuff. I wish I had time to go back and re-read them before I teach British literature this school year.

Born August 11th

Joanna Cole (b. 1944), author of the Magic School Bus series. Ms. Frizzle is the best science teacher ever.

Going back to my post on Tuesday about Mary Poppins, the wise woman/magic mentor character does pop up in children’s books quite often. She’s hardly ever called a “witch,” but of course, some people see witchcraft and encouragement toward occult activity in Mary Poppins, Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle, and even Ms. Frizzle, the science teacher with the magic school bus. I like all these characters and find them to be comparable to Princess Irene’s Great-Grandmother in The Princess and Curdie by George MacDonald. These women are teachers, mentors, old and wise and able to open the doors that lead to adventure and Truth and Life. Their “magic,” if it can be called magic, is not Satanic in origin or expression, but rather an appreciation for the wonders that God made in this mysterious and wonder-filled universe. (“There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” Hamlet, Act 1 Scene 5) They’re not casting spells and cursing cattle, but rather giving gifts and blessing children’s imaginations and enriching lives.

Can you think of any other good and wise women in children’s books who appear as aunts and teachers and fairy godmothers and grandmotherly types who have extraordinary powers to guide and enrich the children in the stories in which they appear? (I can think of quite a few in the fairy tale canon.) Are these women symbolic of the Virgin Mary as she appears in Catholic theology or are they witches–or something else? Do you have any problem with these kinds of characters appearing in children’s books?

Born August 10th

Herbert Hoover, b. 1874

Once upon a time my political opponents honored me as possessing the fabulous intellectual and economic power by which I created a worldwide depression all by myself.

My country owes me nothing. It gave me, as it gives every boy and girl, a chance. It gave me schooling, independence of action, opportunity for service and honor. In no other land could a boy from a country village, without inheritance or influential friends, look forward with unbounded hope.

What this country needs is a great poem. John Brown’s Body was a step in the right direction. I’ve read it once, and I’m reading it again. But it’s too long to do what I mean. You can’t thrill people in 300 pages. The limit is about 300 words. Kipling’s “Recessional” really did something to England when it was published. It helped them through a bad time. Let me know if you find any great poems lying around

Children are our most valuable natural resource.

Yes children are our most valuable resource, and do let me know if you find any great poems lying around.

Born August 9th

Happy Birthday to Pamela L. Travers (b. 1899, d. 1996), author of the Mary Poppins series: Mary Poppins, Mary Poppins in the Park, Mary Poppins Comes Back, Mary Poppins Opens the Door, Mary Poppins in Cherry Tree Lane, and Mary Poppins and the House Next Door.

Some people don’t care for Mary Poppins for the same reason some people don’t like Harry Potter. Mary Poppins uses magic to both entertain and teach her young charges, and her creator, P.L. Travers, was in fact a disciple of several New Age mystics, including two guys named Gurdjieff and Krishnamurti. Some of this pagan nonsense did creep into the Mary Poppins books, but I think it’s easy to ignore. And I have a soft spot for Mary Poppins, a no-nonsense sort of nanny with a sort of prickly personality. Julie Andrews was much too twinkly and loveable in the movie to actually personify the Mary Poppins in the books. (I like the movie, too, though.) Anyway, for those who are still with me, I’ll bet you didn’t know that:

* Pamela Travers’ real name was Helen Lyndon Goff.
* P.L. Travers was born in Australia and grew up there; she died in London.
* In between, Travers lived for quite a while in Taos, New Mexico, of all places.
* She was a friend of the poet, W.B. Yeats.
* She never married, but in her late 30’s she adopted a baby and raised him as her child. Strange story:

Camillus was his name, and he had a twin. She consulted an astrologer about which twin she should adopt. If she’d take the other one, Anthony was his name, he was the sweet, non-crying one, so she was quite perverse in that way and she said, “No, I’ll take the noisy crying one.” And she actually went to Dublin on the ferry from England, brought him home, raised him, and it wasn’t until he was 17 that he found out he was a twin and he was adopted, and he found out not from his adopted mother, but from his own twin. They met in London because the twin knew, and he’d gone searching for his brother, but Camillus did not know, and really never forgave his mother for that.

And what do you think about that?

Born August 3rd

Two of my favorite novelists have birthdays today: Baroness Phyllis Dorothy James (b. 1920) and Leon Marcus Uris (b. 1924, d. 2003).

Although I like her detective novels very much, my favorite P. D. James novel as of now is Children of Men, a dystopian novel about a world where no children are born. I suggest that those who are struggling with the “quiver-full question” read James’ rather chilling picture of a future with no children at all. Read my review here.

Leon Uris is sometimes described as a “Zionist” and one obituary in the British newspaper The Guardian referred to him as a racist for his portrayal of Arabs in his admittedly pro-Jewish novels. I think this is an unfair accusation, but if you are Palestinian, or sympathetic to the Palestinian cause, you might not enjoy Uris’ novels as much as I do. Exodus, Mila 18, and QB VIII are all great stories with lots of historical information about Israel and the experience of modern Jews in Europe during and after World War II. My thoughts about Uris and James and their books on this date last year.

Born July 30th

Emily Bronte, b. 1818. Some critics insisted that Emily’s novel, Wuthering Heights, must have been written by a man because no woman could have written such a passionate story. Emily Bronte died of tuberculosis one year after the publication of her only novel. She was 30 years old.

For children who are not quite ready for the sturm und drang of Wuthering Heights, I recommend The Return of the Twelves by Pauline Clarke. It’s the story of a boy and his sisters who find in the attic of their new house twelve toy soldiers that magically come alive. The soldiers turn out to have belonged to another boy, Branwell, and his sisters, and keeping them a secret becomes a challenge.