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December 28, 1732

On this date the Pennsylvania Gazette published an advertisement for Poor Richard’s Almanack by Richard Saunders, aka Benjamin Franklin. Franklin describes the publication of the almanac in this way in his Autobiography

In 1732 I first published my Almanack, under the name of Richard Saunders; it was continued by me about twenty-five years, commonly called “Poor Richard’s Almanac.” I endeavored to make it both entertaining and useful, and it accordingly came to be in such demand that I reaped considerable profit from it, vending annually near ten thousand. And observing that it was generally read, scarce any neighborhood in the province being without it, I considered it as a proper vehicle for conveying instruction among the common people, who brought scarcely any other books. I therefore filled all the little spaces that occurred between the remarkable days in the calendar with proverbial sentences, chiefly such as inculcated industry and frugality as the means of procuring wealth and thereby securing virtue; it being more difficult for a man in want to act always honestly as, to use here one of those proverbs, it is hard for an empty sack to stand upright.

So Franklin was a blogger, too. He just wrote all his posts for the year and published them in magazine form. Just as bloggers do, Franklin borrowed from “the wisdom of the ages,” but he made the old sayings and proverbs his own as he published them in his own words and attributed them to “Richard Saunders”. Her are a few words of wisdom for you in order to inculcate a bit of industry, frugality, and virtue into your day:

Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead.

He that lieth down with Dogs, shall rise up with Fleas.

If you would not be forgotten
As soon as you are dead and rotten,
Either write things worthy reading,
Or do things worth the writing.

Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut afterwards.

Finally, with the new year coming:

With the old Almanack and the old Year,
Leave thy old Vices, tho ever so dear.

Do you plan to follow Ben’s advice? How? Anybody want to hold yourself accountable by leaving your new year’s resolution in the comments?

To read more about Ben Franklin and his times, The Electric Franklin is a great educational website.

Certain Women by Madeleine L’Engle

I’ve read this book before; Madeleine L’Engle is one of my favorite authors. She writes especially good fiction concerning two subjects: death and marriage. Certain Women is about both. It’s the story of Emma Wheaton, a successful stage actress, and her father David, not only successful but legendary star of the American stage. David is dying of cancer, and Emma has come to be with him on his boat in the Pacific Northwest. She’s not only coming to care for and say good-bye to her father, however; she’s also running away from her marriage in which the tension and melancholy of her writer husband have become too much to bear. Emma finds that she can’t escape the past since her father is reliving it in order to come to terms with his own imminent death.

The book has some profound things to say about marriage–David Wheaton has engaged in serial monogamy over the course of his actor life. He has been married nine times. He compares himself to King David in the Bible, and many of the events of his life seem to parallel the events of David’s life. The characters in the novel spend a great deal of time analyzing the life and loves of the Biblical David, drawing analogies, pointing out where those analogies fail. The novel is not a retelling of the Bible story of David, but it does draw heavily on Biblical sources and interpretations. Because he feels he has been a failure in the marriage department, David Wheaton is especially concerned that his daughter, Emma, be reconciled in her marriage before he leaves her.

I remember thinking the first time I read this book that parts of it read like a soap opera. Knowing that L’Engle’s husband, Hugh Franklin, was a long time actor on All My Children and, not coincidentally, that he died of cancer a few years before Certain Women was published, I thought maybe she was influenced, either consciously or unconsciously, by the soap opera atmosphere. Re-reading the book, I’m not so sure. Nine wives is a little excessive, but then King David’s life which forms the background for the novel was something of a soap opera, too, with all his wives and wars and sons and murder and adultery. And perhaps there are actors who have had nine or more wives–or husbands. (How many times has Elizabeth Taylor been married?) L’Engle only occasionally tips over into melodrama, and she does much better than most authors could with the raw material of David’s life, a drama if there ever was one.

I asked for a copy of Certain Women for Christmas because I remembered it fondly and wanted to re-read it. It was definitely worth the time. Mrs. L’Engle and I probably don’t agree on principles of Biblical interpretation, but we would agree wholeheartedly about many other things, the importance of marital commitment, the trustworthiness of God, the necessity of forgiveness. And Madeleine L’Engle is one of the finest storytellers living in the United States. Not hyperbole, just a fact.

December 7, 1941

Every year on this date, my mom would ask me, “Do you know what today is?”

“Christmas? Almost Christmas? The beginning of Christmas?”

I eventually learned that December 7th has nothing to do with Christmas. Go here for an article by Maggie Hogan on commemorating this “date which will live in infamy” in your homeschool.

The book Early Sunday Morning: The Pearl Harbor Diary of Amber Billows, Hawaii, 1941 by Barry Denenberg is one of the Dear America series from Scholastic. Go here for more information on the book and some activities to accompany it.

Scandinavian Christmas on the Great Plains

Christmas was an especially warm time. The sod house, despite its drawbacks, was well insulated against the harsh outdoors, and the kitchen fire glowed with burning corncobs or dried cornstalks, a substitute for hard-to-come-by wood. Careful hoarding of raisins, candied fruits, nuts, sugar, and well-liked spices like cardamom seed and anise seed meant that a Swedish family could have a yule bread asparkle with candied fruit or a frosted Christmas tea ring studded with nuts. Best of all, there might be an assortment of Swedish Christmas cookies, particularly the buttery spritz cookies that could be shaped into stars, wreaths, crowns, and even Christmas trees.
The holiday was a suitable time for reflection and for thanksgiving. The pioneer family of the plains gave thanks for another summer’s harvest safely delivered, for the winter wheat sowed snugly beneath the snow ready for sprouting in the spring, for the hard-earned rewards of having established a foothold and brought forth a living from the forbidding terrain and climate of the Great American Desert.

From Hunter’s Stew and Hangtown Fry: What Pioneer America Ate and Why by Lila Perl

Is your Christmas celebration tied to a particular ethnic tradition? What foods make your Christmas special? Feel free to link to a recipe or a memory posted at your blog or tell us here in the comments section.

In Freedom

WELL worthy to be magnified are they
Who, with sad hearts, of friends and country took
A last farewell, their loved abodes forsook,
And hallowed ground in which their fathers lay;
Then to the new-found World explored their way,
That so a Church, unforced, uncalled to brook
Ritual restraints, within some sheltering nook
Her Lord might worship and his word obey
In freedom.

William Wordsworth, Ecclesiastical Sonnets

Happy Thanksgiving to all.

Historical Fiction for Young Ladies, Part 2

Post Civil War/Immigration/Native American Experience
Turner, Ann. The Girl Who Chased Away Sorrow: The Diary of Sarah Nita, a Navajo Girl, New Mexico, 1864.
Karr, Kathleen. Oh, Those Harper Girls!
Gregory, Kristiana. The Great Railroad Race: The Diary of Libby West, Utah Territory, 1868.
Beatty, Patricia. Wait for Me, Watch for Me, Eula Bee.
Meyer, Carolyn. Where the Broken Heart Still Beats: The Story of Cynthia Ann Parker.
Beatty, Patricia. Bonanza Girl.
Rinaldi, Ann. The Staircase. (1870’s Santa Fe, New Mexico)
Bauer, Marion Dane. Land of the Buffalo Bones: The Diary of Mary Elizabeth Rodgers, An English Girl in Minnesota, New Yeovil, Minnesota, 1873
Rinaldi, Ann. The Coffin Quilt; the Feud Between the Hatfields and the McCoys
Rinaldi, Ann. My Heart is on the Ground: The Diary of Nannie Little Rose, a Sioux Girl, 1880.
Taylor, Mildred. The Land. (1880’s Mississippi)
Beatty, Patricia. By Crumbs, It’s Mine. (1880’s Arizona)
Beatty, Patricia. Red Rock Over the River. (1881 Arizona)
Murphy, Jim. My Face to the Wind: The Diary of Sarah Jane Price, A Prairie Teacher. Broken Bow, Nebraska, 1881.
Murphy, Jim. West to a Land of Plenty: The Diary of Teresa Angelino Viscardi, New York to Idaho Territory, 1883.
Beatty, Patricia. Melinda Takes a Hand. (Colorado 1893)
Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. A Coal Miner’s Bride: The Diary of Anetka Kaminska, Lattimer, Pennsylvania, 1896.

Turn of the Century/Early 20th Century
Jocelyn, Marthe. Mable Riley: A Reliable Record of Humdrum, Peril, and Romance. (1901)
Turner, Nancy. These is My Words: The Diary of Sarah Agnes Prine, 1881-1901.
Nixon, Joan Lowery. Land of Promise. (1902)
Lasky, Kathryn. Dreams in the Golden Country: The Diary of Zipporah Feldman, a Jewish Immigrant Girl, New York City, 1903.
Rinaldi, Ann. Brooklyn Rose.
Gregory, Kristiana. Earthquake at Dawn. (San Francisco earthquake, 1906)
Beatty, Patricia. Lacy Makes a Match.
Beatty, Patricia. Hail Columbia!
Beatty, Patricia. That’s One Ornery Orphan.
Beatty, Patricia. Behave Yourself, Bethany Brant.
Hopkinson, Deborah. Hear My Sorrow: The Diary of Angela Denoto, a Shirtwaist Worker, New York City , 1909.
Beatty, Patricia. Sarah and Me and the Lady from the Sea.
Beatty, Patricia. O the Red Rose Tree.
Beatty, Patricia. The Nickel-Plated Beauty.

World War I, 1910-1920’s
White, Elen Emerson. Voyage on the Great Titanic: The Diary of Margaret Ann Brady, R.M.S. Titanic, 1912.
Beatty, Patricia. Eight Mules from Monterrey.
McKissack, Patricia. Color Me Dark: The Diary of Nellie Lee Love, The Great Migration North, Chicago, Illinois, 1919.
Lasky, Kathryn. A Time For Courage: The Suffragette Diary of Kathleen Bowen, Washington D.C., 1917.
Levine, Beth Seidel. When Christmas Comes Again: The World War I Diary of Simone Spencer, New York City to the Western Front, 1917.
Rostkowski, Margaret. After the Dancing Days.
Marshall, Catherine. Christy.
Meyer, Carolyn. White Lilacs. (Dillon, Texas, 1921)

The Great Depression, 1930’s
Lasky, Kathryn. Christmas After All: The Great Depression Diary of Minnie Swift. Indianapolis, IN, 1932.
Denenberg, Barry. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: The Diary of Bess Brennan, The Perkins School for the Blind, 1932.
Taylor, Mildred. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry.
Taylor, Mildred. Let the Circle Be Unbroken.
Janke, Katelan. Survival in the Storm: The Dust Bowl Diary of Grace Edwards, Dalhart, Texas, 1935.
Peck, Richard. Year Down Yonder. (1937)

World War II, 1930’s and 40’s
Denenberg, Barry. One Eye Laughing, The Other Weeping: The Diary of Julie Weiss, Vienna, Austria to New York, 1938.
Rinaldi, Ann. Keep Smiling Through.
Osborne, Mary Pope. My Secret War: The World War II Diary of Madeline Beck, Long Island, New York, 1941.
Denenberg, Barry. Early Sunday Morning: The Pearl Harbor Diary of Amber Billows, Hawaii, 1941.
Greene, Betty. Summer of my German Soldier.

A 1998 article by Joanne Brown about writing YA historical fiction and about teaching historical fiction to young adults from ALAN Review.

As teachers, we can help our students question the interpretations of the past offered by any single historical novel. With our students, we can make connections between past and present issues to weigh the novel’s historical perspective. Together we can discuss how a writer has represented a particular cultural or racial group. We can assess a story’s accuracy by reading more than one novel on the period or researching the history itself. And as we and our students engage with the “problems” of historical fiction, we can come to understand how the genre provides us with a lens not only upon our collective past but also upon a “here and now” that defines our individual lives.

Historical Fiction for Young Ladies, Part 1

Patricia Beatty, b. August 26, 1922.
Ann Rinaldi, b. August 27, 1934.

Since these two excellent authors of historical fiction for children and young adults have birthdays so close together, I thought this would be a good time to give you a list of historical fiction, specifically US history, and especially for girls. I haven”t read all of these, but I have included books by many of my favorite authors, including Ann Rinaldi and Patricia Beatty. If you have young ladies in your home between the ages of ten and twenty who are studying or interested in US history, you are welcome to copy my list and share it with your favorite young lady. Or read them yourself.

Colonial Times, 1600’s and 1700’s
Lasky, Kathryn. A Journey to the New World: The Diary of Remember Patience Whipple 1620.
Speare, Elizabeth. The Witch of Blackbird Pond. (1687)
Fraustino, Lisa Rowe. I Walk in Dread: The Diary of Deliverance Trembly, Witness to the Salem Witch Trials Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1691.
Rinaldi, Ann. A Break with Charity: A Story About the Salem Witch Trials. (1692)
Rinaldi, Ann. Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons: The Story of Phillis Wheatley.
Lenski, Lois. Indian Captive: The Story of Mary Jemison. (1758)
Osborne, Mary Pope. Standing in the Light: The Captive Diary of Catharine Carey Logan, Delaware Valley, Pennsylvania, 1763.
McKissack, Patricia. Look to the Hills: The Diary of Lozette Maoreau, a French Slave Girl.
Rinaldi, Ann. The Fifth of March: The Story of the Boston Massacre.

American Revolution, 1770-1790
Rinaldi, Ann. Time Enough for Drums.
Turner, Ann. Love Thy Neighbor: The Tory Diary of Prudence Emerson, Green Marsh, Massachusetts, 1774.
Gregory, Kristiana. The Winter of Red Snow: The Revolutionary War Diary of Abigail Jane Stewart, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 1777
Rinaldi, Ann. Taking Liberty: The Story of Oney Judge, George Washington’s Runaway Slave.
Rinaldi, Ann. Finishing Becca: A Story of Peggy Shippen and Benedict Arnold.
Rinaldi, Ann. A Ride into Morning: The Story of Tempe Wick. New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1991.
Rinaldi, Ann. The Secret of Sarah Revere.
Rinaldi, Ann. Or Give Me Death : A Novel of Patrick Henry’s Family.
Rinaldi, Ann. A Stitch in Time.
Rinaldi, Ann. Cast Two Shadows. (1780 in South Carolina)
O’Dell, Scott. Sarah Bishop.
Anderson, Laurie Halse. Fever 1793.

Westward Expansion/Early America, 1800-1850
Rianldi, Ann. Broken Days. (War of 1812)
Rinaldi, Ann. Wolf by the Ears. (Thomas Jefferson’s slave/daughter; early 1800’s)
Blos, Joan. A Gathering of Days. (1830-1832)
Rinaldi, Ann. The Education of Mary : A Little Miss of Color, 1832.
Garland, Sherry. A Line in the Sand: The Alamo Diary of Lucinda Lawrence Gonzales, Texas, 1836.
Rinaldi, Ann. The Blue Door. (1841)
Garland, Sherry. Valley of the Moon: The Diary of Maria Rosalia de Milagros, Sonoma Valley, Alta California, 1846.
Paterson, Katherine. Lyddie. (Lowell, Massachusets, 1840’s)
Denenberg, Barry. So Far From Home: The Diary of Mary Driscoll, an Irish Mill Girl, Lowell, Massachusetts, 1847.
Gregory, Kristiana. Across the Wide and Lonesome Prairie: The Oregon Trail Diary of Hattie Campbell, 1847.
McDonald, Megan. All the Stars in the Sky: The Santa Fe Trail Diary of Florrie Mack Ryder, The Santa Fe Trail, 1848.
Gregory, Kristiana. Seeds of Hope: The Gold Rush Diary of Susanna Fairchild, California Territory, 1849.

Civil War/Slavery, mid 1800’s
McKissack, Patricia. A Picture of Freedom: The Diary of Clotee, a Slave Girl, Belmont Plantation, Virginia, 1859.
Rinaldi, Ann. Mine Eyes Have Seen. (1859– abolitionist John Brown)
Beatty, Patricia. Who Comes With Cannons.
Rinaldi, Ann. In My Father’s House.
Rinaldi, Ann. The Last Silk Dress.
Rinaldi, Ann. Girl in Blue.
Hesse, Karen. A Light in the Storm: The Civil War Diary of Amelia Martin, Fenwick Island, Delaware, 1861.
Rinaldi, Ann. Sarah’s Ground.
Rinaldi, Ann. Amelia’s War.
Denenberg, Barry. When Will This Cruel War Be Over?: The Civil War Diary of Emma Simpson, Gordonsville, Virginia, 1864.
Beatty, Patricia. Turn Homeward, Hannalee.
Beatty, Patricia. Be Ever Hopeful, Hannalee.
Rinaldi, Ann. An Acquaintance with Darkness. (Lincoln’s assassination)
Rinaldi, Ann. Numbering All the Bones. (Andersonville Prison)
Hansen, Joyce. I Thought My Soul Would Rise and Fly: The Diary of Patsy, a Freed Girl, Mars Bluff, South Carolina, 1865.

I think I’ll save the second half of this post for tomorrow.

Johnstown Flood

On May 31, 1889, the South Fork Dam, which held back Lake Connemaugh on a mountain above Johnstown, Pennsylvania, burst. Twenty million tons of water came crashing down into the valley where the town of 30,000 lay. Over 2200 people died in the flood and in fires that followed that night.

We own the children’s book, The Terrible Wave by Marden Dahlstedt, which tells the fictional story of Megan Maxwell, a teenage girl who survives the flood. Mrs. Dahlstedt says in the author’s note in the back of the book: “My interest in the Johnstown Flood stems from the fact that my grandparents survived it. . . I grew up with family stories of the flood, some of which have been incorporated in The Terrible Wave.”

I, too, grew up hearing family stories of a flood–in dry West Texas of all places. On September 17, 1936 my dad’s home near the Concho River in San Angelo, Texas was flooded. My grandmother said she put a baby picture of my dad up in the rafters before she left her house with my dad who was about five years old. That picture is the only surviving photograph of my dad as a baby. My mom, on the other hand, remembers another natural disaster, a 1953 tornado that destroyed much of the Lake View area of San Angelo. According to the San Angelo Standard Times, the tornado killed eleven people.

What natural, or man made, disasters has your family experienced or survived? Do your grandparents or parents tell stories like these? Have you written the stories down for your children to read someday? I wish my parents would write down stories from their childhood and young adult days for my children to have. I’m afraid that even with the simple stories I told in the preceeding paragraph that I may get some of the details wrong. It just seems to me that the way people behave in a crisis tells so much about their character and their ability to cope with everyday life.

Unsinkable Courage


Thursday 18 April 1912
(A poem said to have been written on board the RMS Olympic, April 18, 1912, following the disaster to her sister ship)

He slams his door in the face of the world
If he thinks the world too bold:
He will even curse; but he opens his purse
To the poor, and the sick, and the old.

He is slow in giving to woman the vote
And slow to pick up her fan;
But he gives her room in an hour of doom
And dies – like an Englishman!

Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1855-1919)

On this day in 1912 the luxury liner Titanic sank at 2:27 AM after hitting an iceberg just before midnight the night before (the 14th). 2227 persons were on board the Titanic; only 705 were rescued from the icy waters near the site of the sunken vessel. Most of the survivors were women and children.

Some fiction books featuring the Titanic:
Tonight on the Titanic (Magic Treehouse Series, No. 17) by Mary Pope Osborne
Titanic Crossing by Barbara Williams
SOS Titanic by Eve Bunting I read this one while I was sick a few days ago. It’s OK, typical teen romance-type novel with good historical detail. There’s a steward who foresees the disaster because of his supernatural “gift.” And there’s an underlying theme of class war and class distinctions just as there was in the movie, Titanic.

March 18th Birthdays

Grover Cleveland, Democrat twice elected President of the United States, b. 1837.  He died when Teddy Roosevelt was president in 1908. The most interesting thing I read in his obituary was that, according to his friends, Cleveland died leaving a wife and four young children with not very much money.

“When Mr. Cleveland left the White House the last time, and for many years thereafter,” said one of his intimates yesterday, “he had, together with his wife, about $10,000 a year. His income often worried him exceedingly, especially as he saw his family growing up about him, and knew their future was not as well provided for as he could wish. He would not accept anything from his friends; he was extremely proud on that score, but those who know him best knew that his circumstances worried him not a little.”

Can you imagine an ex-president in this day and time becoming impoverished–or even “worried about his income”? Apparently, presidential retirement is much more lucrative than it used to be. I’ve read stories of Grant feverishly finishing his memoirs on his deathbed in order to provide for his family or his widow when he was gone.

Wilfred Owen, World War I poet, b. 1893. He was a friend of Siegfried Sassoon. Unfortunately, while Sassoon survived the war, Owen died seven days before the end of WW I in November, 1918.